超声引导下经皮经肝胆囊穿刺后继发性脓肿发生的危险因素分析

目的 探讨超声引导下经皮经肝胆囊穿刺置管引流术(Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Drainage,PTGD)术后发生继发性脓肿(Secondary abscess,SA)的发生率及其危险因素。方法 回顾性分析南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院2010年1月至2017年12月间410例经超声引导下PTGD患者的临床资料,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析相关危险因素。结果 12例(2.93%,12/410)患者PTGD术后出现SA,再次针对SA穿刺引流的成功率100%。对良性疾病梗阻、基础疾病、胆囊大小、腹水、凝血功能、血小板、糖化血红蛋白(HbA_1C)、短期内引流管脱落/自行拔出等混杂因素进行校正后,Logistic回归分析表明短期内引流管脱落/自行拔出(OR=6.64,95%Cl：3.34～13.81,P=0.03)和HbA_1C＞9.0%(OR=3.38,95%Cl：1.22～7.95,P=0.04)是引起术后SA的独立危险因素。结论 SA是超声引导下PTGD术后罕见的并发症,再次穿刺引流是治疗SA有效和安全的方法。临床可通过加强对穿刺引流管的保护和应用降血糖药物,降低PTGD术后SA的发生。     

基于氧化应激探究PCI损伤及中医药防治进展

我国心血管疾病的患病率及死亡率仍处于上升阶段,经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)是目前减少冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄及闭塞和改善临床症状的最有效策略。临床上,存在很大一部分患者在大血管再通后,仍存在心痛症状。在PCI围术期常伴随着氧化应激、炎症、钙超载、内皮功能损害、血栓阻塞等不良事件,氧化应激在这个过程中扮演着重要角色。在PCI的再灌注时期,活性氧(ROS)的爆发可引发线粒体能量传递链异常和细胞离子稳态失衡,造成血管内皮细胞损伤,血管通透性增高,白蛋白漏出,白细胞和血小板黏附,血管狭窄。传统中医将PCI术后再狭窄纳入"胸痹"等范畴,气血的运行与五脏的功能密切相关,当气血运行不畅,心脏的生血、行血的功能受阻,造成气虚血瘀,从而造成机体虚损。目前,普罗布考和替格瑞洛等临床一线用药,具有一定的局限性,且忽略了"本虚邪实"的机体现状,无法协调机体气血阴阳五脏之间的关系。本研究从氧化应激在PCI损伤的现代医学分子研究出发,结合中医认识,总结中医药防治的研究进展,旨在为冠状动脉介入损伤的治疗提供候选药物及为相关实验研究提供参考。     

急性胆源性胰腺炎合并急性重症胆管炎处理策略

急性胆源性胰腺炎合并急性重症胆管炎病情凶险，病死率高。早期诊断，在内科治疗的同时，积极手术，合理选择内镜胆道引流、经皮经肝胆道引流、开放胆总管探查等治疗策略，以期阻止或延缓病情进展，降低并发症发生率及病死率。     

The relationships among monocyte subsets,miRNAs and inflammatory cytokines in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Background

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes irreversible myocardial damage and release of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines and miRNAs. We aimed to investigate changes in the levels of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10), miRNAs profiles (miR-146 and miR-155) and distribution of different monocyte subsets (CD14++CD16-, CD14++CD16+, CD14+CD16++) in the acute and post-healing phases of AMI.

生大黄贴敷神阙穴在经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术后应用观察

目的探讨生大黄贴敷神阙穴配合莱菔子热熨,预防经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术后患者腹胀便秘的效果。方法选取2015年1月—2019年12月收治的行经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术后患者100例,随机分为试验组50例,对照组50例;在临床护理方法相同的基础上试验组采用生大黄加75%酒精调贴敷神阙穴配合莱菔子热熨。结果2组患者腹胀便秘发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),试验组发生腹胀便秘发生率明显低于对照组。结论生大黄贴敷神阙穴配合莱菔子热熨有效地预防经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术后患者腹胀、便秘,促进患者康复。     

Long-Term Results from the Pivotal Multicenter Trial of Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Arteriovenous Fistula Creation for Hemodialysis Access

PurposeTo report the 5-year results from the Pivotal Multicenter Trial of Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Arteriovenous Fistula (pAVF) Creation for Hemodialysis Access.Materials and MethodsThe retrospective review of 107 intent-to-treat (ITT) patients from the pivotal trial provided a long-term follow-up population (LTP) of 85 patients with a median follow-up duration of 50 months (range, 12–60 months). Data evaluated in the LTP group were fistula maturation and usage, secondary procedures, and complications. The Kaplan-Meier analysis of primary patency, assisted primary patency, cumulative patency, and functional patency (time from 2-needle cannulation to abandonment) were performed for the ITT population.ResultsIn the LTP, 99% (84 of 85) of fistulae were mature, with 99% (78 of 79) of patients requiring hemodialysis using their pAVF. Sustained fistula use (2-needle cannulation at the prescribed rate, 2 of 3 sessions) was achieved in 92% (78 of 85) of patients, with 7 patients not using their pAVF because they were not on dialysis (n = 4), were on peritoneal dialysis (n = 2), and refused to use fistula (n = 1). Fistula maintenance was required in 31.8% (27 of 85) of patients and included fistula dysfunction (21.2%), thrombosis (5.9%), cannulation injury (12.9%), and arm swelling (4.7%). The number of procedures performed per patient per year to maintain function and patency was 0.32 (91 of 288) for years 2–5. The cumulative patency rates were 89.5%, 88.4%, 88.4%, 85.6%, and 82.0% for years 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. The functional patency was 91.8% at the end of the study. There were no major complications related to pAVF during the long-term follow-up.ConclusionsPercutaneous fistulae have provided clinically effective and durable access for hemodialysis with low complications. The continued use and evaluation of pAVF are warranted.     

经皮肾镜气压弹道超声碎石在肾结石中的效果

目的 B超引导经皮肾镜气压弹道超声联合碎石治疗肾结石的临床效果。方法选择2017年9月-2018年9月医院收治的肾结石患者82例,按照抽签法的要求将其平均分成对照组(41例:B超引导经皮肾镜气压弹道超声治疗)与试验组(41例:输尿管软镜治疗),分析手术时间、住院时间、出血量、结石清除率、结石的残留率。结果试验组的手术时间、住院时间、出血量。优于对照组,数据比较有差异性,P<0.05。对照组的结石清除率高于试验组、结石的残留率低于试验组,相互比较有差异性,P<0.05。结论在肾结石实际治疗期,使用输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗方式。     

The percutaneous learning curve of 3rd generation minimally-invasive Chevron and Akin osteotomy (MICA)

BackgroundMinimally-invasive Chevron and Akin osteotomy (MICA) represents the third-generation percutaneous hallux valgus surgery which is characterized by an extra-articular osteotomy, stable internal fixation and a high potential for correction. Compared to other percutaneous techniques of the foot, MICA is generally regarded as an advanced and demanding surgical procedure with a flat learning curve. The aim of this study is to analyze a single-surgeons experience with his first 50 consecutive MICA procedures.MethodsBetween May 2018 and February 2021, 50 consecutive MICA procedures performed by the author with the "K-wires-First technique" were prospectively analyzed focusing on surgery duration, number of fluoroscopies, correction results and surgery-associated complications. A modification of the original MICA technique as described by its inaugurators Redfern and Vernois allows the use of a standard-sized C-arm and aims to reduce revison rates and conversion to open surgery by placing the guidewires prior to performing the osteotomy.ResultsThe average surgery time for all MICA procedures was 46.8 min (SD 12.1, range 31–90 min). The average amount of fluoro shots required to perform MICA was n = 126.6 (SD 40.8, range 65–231). Comparing the preoperative and 6-week postoperative radiographs, the IMA decreased after MICA by a mean of 10.8° from 16.2° to 5.4° and the HVA by a mean of 22.1° from 30.6° to 8.5°. One case required intraoperative conversion to open hallux correction. There were 4 feet in three patients with secondary screw removal of the Chevron fixation due to prominent proximal screw tips.ConclusionsAlthough the learning curve of 3rd generation MICA is flat and requires specific training and intensive practice, the rate of complications is not elevated compared to other percutaneous hallux valgus techniques. Strict adherence to the principles of 3rd generation MICA with stable fixation and meticulous intraoperative control of each surgical step helps to reduce surgery-associated complications. The learning curve showed a continous improvement in regard to surgery time and use of fluoroscopy. After 40 procedures, the surgery time consistently dropped under 45 min and required less than 100 fluoro-shots. The modified surgical technique may help reduce Chevron screw mal-positioning when using large C-arm fluoroscopy for this procedure.